What is the criteria needed for a Lifeguard to summon EMS personnel?

A lifeguard should summon EMS personnel when facing either a life-threatening situation or a situation that exceeds their ability to resolve to the standard of care. This criterion ensures a prompt and appropriate response in serious circumstances, prioritizing the safety and health of the victim.

In life-threatening situations—such as cardiac arrest, severe bleeding, or other critical health emergencies—the immediate intervention of emergency medical services is essential for the best possible outcome. Additionally, if a situation arises that is beyond the lifeguard’s training or resources, such as a complex injury or multiple victims needing assistance, enlisting professionals with specialized training and equipment is crucial to ensure the victim receives the necessary medical attention.

In contrast, approaching the situation from other angles, like summoning EMS solely for unconscious victims does not capture the full spectrum of emergencies that lifeguards might encounter. Some injuries may also be treated on-site and do not warrant an ambulance. Moreover, a victim's refusal of help typically implies that EMS would not be summoned unless the lifeguard perceives an imminent risk to health or safety, which means that summoning EMS should not be mandatory in such cases. Therefore, the nuance in understanding when to call for medical support is pivotal for effective lifeguarding.